Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana (PM-KISAN)

By | 31/01/2025

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana (PM-KISAN): A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana (PM-KISAN) is a flagship scheme launched by the Government of India to provide financial assistance to small and marginal farmers across the country. The scheme was officially launched on February 24, 2019, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. The primary objective of the scheme is to provide income support to farmers to help them meet their agricultural and household expenses. Under this scheme, eligible farmers receive direct income support of ₹6,000 per year, which is distributed in three equal installments of ₹2,000 each.

The PM-KISAN scheme is a significant step towards addressing the financial challenges faced by farmers in India. It aims to ensure that farmers have access to the necessary resources to sustain their agricultural activities and improve their overall standard of living. The scheme is part of the government’s broader efforts to double farmers’ income by 2022 and promote sustainable agricultural practices.

**Objectives of PM-KISAN**

The PM-KISAN scheme has several key objectives, which include:

1. **Income Support:** The primary objective of the scheme is to provide direct income support to small and marginal farmers. The financial assistance is intended to help farmers meet their agricultural and household expenses, thereby reducing their financial burden.

2. **Poverty Alleviation:** By providing financial assistance to farmers, the scheme aims to alleviate poverty in rural areas. The income support can help farmers improve their standard of living and reduce their dependence on moneylenders and other informal sources of credit.

3. **Agricultural Development:** The scheme aims to promote agricultural development by ensuring that farmers have access to the necessary resources to sustain their agricultural activities. The financial assistance can be used for purchasing seeds, fertilizers, and other agricultural inputs, which can help improve crop yields and productivity.

4. **Social Security:** The PM-KISAN scheme also aims to provide social security to farmers by ensuring that they have a stable source of income. This can help reduce the vulnerability of farmers to economic shocks and uncertainties.

5. **Women Empowerment:** The scheme also promotes gender equality by ensuring that women farmers are also eligible for the financial assistance. This can help empower women in rural areas and promote their participation in agricultural activities.

**Eligibility Criteria**

To be eligible for the PM-KISAN scheme, farmers must meet the following criteria:

1. **Land Ownership:** The scheme is available to small and marginal farmers who own cultivable land. The landholding should be in the name of the farmer or their family members.

2. **Landholding Size:** The scheme is primarily targeted at small and marginal farmers with landholding of up to 2 hectares. However, the scheme was later extended to all farmers, regardless of the size of their landholding.

3. **Exclusion Criteria:** Certain categories of farmers are excluded from the scheme, including institutional landholders, farmers who hold constitutional posts, retired pensioners with a monthly pension of over ₹10,000, and professionals such as doctors, engineers, and lawyers.

**Implementation of the Scheme**

The PM-KISAN scheme is implemented by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation, and Farmers Welfare under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The scheme is operational in all states and union territories of India. The financial assistance is directly transferred to the bank accounts of eligible farmers through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) mechanism.

The implementation of the scheme involves the following steps:

1. **Identification of Beneficiaries:** The identification of eligible farmers is done by the state and union territory governments. The farmers are required to provide their Aadhaar number, bank account details, and landholding details to be registered under the scheme.

2. **Verification of Details:** The details provided by the farmers are verified by the concerned authorities to ensure that only eligible farmers receive the financial assistance.

3. **Disbursement of Funds:** Once the verification process is completed, the financial assistance is directly transferred to the bank accounts of the eligible farmers in three equal installments of ₹2,000 each.

4. **Monitoring and Evaluation:** The implementation of the scheme is closely monitored by the central and state governments to ensure that the benefits reach the intended beneficiaries. Regular audits and evaluations are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the scheme and identify areas for improvement.

**Impact of PM-KISAN**

Since its launch, the PM-KISAN scheme has had a significant impact on the lives of small and marginal farmers in India. Some of the key impacts of the scheme include:

1. **Financial Stability:** The financial assistance provided under the scheme has helped farmers achieve greater financial stability. The income support has enabled farmers to meet their agricultural and household expenses without relying on moneylenders and other informal sources of credit.

2. **Improved Agricultural Productivity:** The financial assistance has also helped farmers invest in better seeds, fertilizers, and other agricultural inputs, which has led to improved crop yields and productivity.

3. **Reduction in Poverty:** The scheme has contributed to poverty alleviation in rural areas by providing a stable source of income to farmers. This has helped improve the standard of living of farmers and their families.

4. **Empowerment of Women Farmers:** The scheme has also empowered women farmers by ensuring that they are eligible for the financial assistance. This has promoted gender equality and encouraged greater participation of women in agricultural activities.

5. **Boost to Rural Economy:** The scheme has provided a boost to the rural economy by increasing the purchasing power of farmers. This has led to increased demand for goods and services in rural areas, benefiting local businesses and traders.

**Challenges and Limitations**

Despite its many benefits, the PM-KISAN scheme has faced several challenges and limitations, which include:

1. **Identification of Beneficiaries:** One of the major challenges in the implementation of the scheme has been the identification of eligible beneficiaries. There have been instances of ineligible farmers receiving the financial assistance, while some eligible farmers have been left out.

2. **Delays in Disbursement:** There have been reports of delays in the disbursement of funds to eligible farmers. This has been attributed to issues such as incorrect bank account details, lack of Aadhaar linkage, and delays in the verification process.

3. **Exclusion of Tenant Farmers:** The scheme does not cover tenant farmers, who do not own land but cultivate land leased from others. This has led to the exclusion of a significant number of farmers who are in need of financial assistance.

4. **Limited Financial Assistance:** While the financial assistance provided under the scheme is helpful, some farmers have argued that the amount of ₹6,000 per year is insufficient to meet their agricultural and household expenses.

5. **Lack of Awareness:** There is a lack of awareness about the scheme among some farmers, particularly in remote and rural areas. This has resulted in some eligible farmers not being able to avail the benefits of the scheme.

**Conclusion**

The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana (PM-KISAN) is a significant initiative by the Government of India to provide financial assistance to small and marginal farmers. The scheme has had a positive impact on the lives of farmers by providing them with a stable source of income, improving agricultural productivity, and contributing to poverty alleviation. However, there are several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed to ensure that the benefits of the scheme reach all eligible farmers.

To overcome these challenges, the government needs to focus on improving the identification and verification process, addressing delays in the disbursement of funds, and increasing awareness about the scheme among farmers. Additionally, the government should consider expanding the scope of the scheme to include tenant farmers and increasing the amount of financial assistance provided to farmers.

Overall, the PM-KISAN scheme is a step in the right direction towards achieving the goal of doubling farmers’ income and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in India. With continued efforts and improvements, the scheme has the potential to bring about significant positive changes in the lives of farmers and contribute to the overall development of the agricultural sector in the country.

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